部署Nginx+uwsgi运行Django

虽然直接使用Django作为开发环境也可以，但是为了能够模拟线上生产环境，还是搭建Nginx结合uWSGI来实现：

the web client <-> the web server <-> the socket <-> uwsgi <-> Django

准备工作

• 启用virtualenv - 这里设置虚拟环境的名字是 venv ，也可以用其他名字

virtualenv venv
cd venv
source bin/activate

• 安装Django到这虚拟环境

注意：我的实践案例是将Django的站点部署在 /home/huatai/works/mysite

pip install Django
cd ~/works
django-admin.py startproject mysite
cd mysite

uWSGI基本安装和配置

• 在虚拟环境安装uWSGI

pip install uwsgi

• 安装nginx

yum install nginx

注意：参考centos部署nginx php对于没有开启IPv6的系统，需要注释掉nginx.conf中的#listen [::]:80 default_server;。

注意：默认CentOS7开启了防火墙，需要增加端口访问：

sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

配置nginx

• /etc/nginx/conf.d/mysite_niginx.conf 配置如下

# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
upstream django {
    # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
    server unix:///nfs-data/dev-7/huatai/works/mysite/sock;
    # server 127.0.0.1:8000; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
}

# configuration of the server
server {
    # the port your site will be served on
    # listen      8000;
    listen      80;
    # the domain name it will serve for
    server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
    charset     utf-8;

    # max upload size
    client_max_body_size 75M;   # adjust to taste

    # Django media
    location /media  {
        # alias /path/to/your/mysite/media;  # your Django project's media files - amend as required
        alias /nfs-data/dev-7/huatai/works/mysite/media;
    }

    location /static {
        # alias /home/huatai/works/mysite/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
        alias /nfs-data/dev-7/huatai/works/mysite/static;
    }

    # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
    location / {
        uwsgi_pass  django;
        # include     /path/to/your/mysite/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
        include     /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
    }
}

• 部署静态文件

在运行nginx之前，还需要在static目录搜集所有Django静态文件，也就是编辑mysite/settings.py配置添加

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/")

上述配置是 STATIC_URL = '/static/'之后，也就是如下配置

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/")

然后运行

python manage.py collectstatic

执行该命令之后，会自动在/home/huatai/works/mysite 下创建 static 子目录

• 运行Django

uwsgi --socket /nfs-data/dev-7/huatai/works/mysite/sock --module mysite.wsgi --chmod-socket=664

如果要简化启动时候参数传递，则在/home/huatai/works/mysite下增加mysite_uwsgi.ini配置（这里设置10个并发线程）

# mysite_uwsgi.ini file
[uwsgi]

# Django-related settings
# the base directory (full path)
chdir           = /home/huatai/works/mysite
# Django's wsgi file
module          = mysite.wsgi
# the virtualenv (full path)
home            = /home/huatai/venv

# process-related settings
# master
master          = true
# maximum number of worker processes
processes       = 10
# the socket (use the full path to be safe
socket          = /nfs-data/dev-7/huatai/works/mysite/sock
# ... with appropriate permissions - may be needed
chmod-socket    = 664
# clear environment on exit
vacuum          = true

然后执行

uwsgi --ini mysite_uwsgi.ini

• 重新启动nginx

sudo systemctl restart nginx

此时，通过 http://example.com 或者主机的IP地址就可以访问到django的页面

参考

• 设置Django和Nginx uWSGI