# 通过linux命令行修改服务器BIOS配置 ## Dell Dell Poweredge可以通过一个名为`syscfg`工具来修改BIOS配置，并且可以批量修改，无需直接访问服务器。（[How to change Dell’s BIOS settings from a Linux command-line](https://www.colino.net/wordpress/archives/2008/05/21/how-to-change-dells-bios-settings-from-a-linux-command-line/)） 安装软件包 ``` # cd ; wget -q -O – http://linux.dell.com/repo/hardware/bootstrap.cgi | bash # yum install srvadmin-hapi # wget ftp://ftp.us.dell.com/sysman/dtk_2.5_80_Linux.iso # mkdir dtk # mount -o loop dtk_2.5_80_Linux.iso dtk/ # cd dtk/isolinux/ # cp SA.2 ~/SA.2.gz # cd; gunzip SA.2.gz # mkdir stage2 # cd stage2 # cpio -i < ../SA.2 # cd lofs # mkdir dell # mount -o loop dell.cramfs dell/ # mkdir -p /usr/local/sbin ; cp dell/toolkit/bin/syscfg /usr/local/sbin/ # umount dell # cd # umount dtk ``` 使用syscfg ``` # /usr/local/sbin/syscfg –biosver biosver=1.5.1 # /usr/local/sbin/syscfg –virtualization=enable virtualization=enable ``` ## HP HP提供了全面的主机管理解决方案，结合Intel LANDESK Client Management，可以管理大量的服务器。 > 参考 [HP Download & Install Drivers / BIOS](http://www8.hp.com/us/en/ads/clientmanagement/drivers-bios.html) HP System Software Manager (SSM)是通过网络检查和更新BIOS，设备驱动以及管理agent版本的工具 － [Read the Release Notes and download SSM](http://ftp.hp.com/pub/caps-softpaq/cmit/HP_SSM.html) HP BIOS Configuration Utility (BCU)是免费的提供管理BIOS设置的工具 － [Read the Release Notes and download BCU](http://ftp.hp.com/pub/caps-softpaq/cmit/HP_BCU.html) ## Inventec （英业达） ## Foxconn (富士康)/联想/浪潮（AMI） 联想和浪潮使用AMI的BIOS，可参考联想[Configuring the HX Series appliance](http://systemx.lenovofiles.com/help/index.jsp?topic=%2Fcom.lenovo.conv.8689.doc%2Ft_configuring_hx_appliance.html)手册来修订BIOS ``` ./SCELNX_64 /o /s ./nvram_script.txt ``` 然后将模版文件复制到需要修改BIOS配置的目标服务器上（要求模版服务器和被修改服务器完全一致的硬件配置），然后执行导入： ``` ./SCELNX_64 /i /s nvram_script.txt ``` 这里有一个[排查CPU核心丢失](https://github.com/huataihuang/cloud-atlas-draft/tree/6f3204fffc11cf006abd394631e2598d98b415c3/server/bios/cpuinfo_miss_core/README.md)的案例，就是通过AMI BIOS设置来解决的。 联想提供了 [Lenovo ToolsCenter Suite CLI](https://pcsupport.lenovo.com/us/en/solutions/ht116433?LinkTrack=Solr)来帮助管理firmware,硬件以及CMM,IMM和Flex-IOM的系统，支持多种操作系统： > Lenovo ToolsCenter Suite CLI is a command line based utility, which covers the server management scope includes firmware configuration, system inventory. 并且 [Lenovo Diagnostic Solutions: Diagnose & Fix](https://pcsupport.lenovo.com/us/en/lenovodiagnosticsolutions/diagnose)提供了服务器诊断和修复工具。 ## Sun [Sun服务器命令行工具和IPMI使用指南](http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19690-01/821-0997/toc.html) 有关 [BIOS Configuration Tool](http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19690-01/821-0997/gjokh.html) 介绍了一个`biosconfig`命令 ## American Megatrends BIOS AMI是主流的BIOS厂商，提供了BIOS/UEFI工具来设置相应配置（提供了各种操作系统版本），可参考 [BIOS/UEFI Utilities for Aptio and AMIBIOS](http://www.ami.com/products/bios-uefi-tools-and-utilities/bios-uefi-utilities/)相关信息。 [AMIBIOS Setup Utility System Parameters and Standard Settings](https://computinghardware.web.cern.ch/ComputingHardware/doc/NEC/P570/BIOS-Settings/MS1421_164x_bios_rev0_01.pdf)手册介绍了AMI BIOS设置方法 － [本地文档](https://github.com/huataihuang/cloud-atlas-draft/tree/6f3204fffc11cf006abd394631e2598d98b415c3/server/bios/img/server/BIOS/MS1421_164x_bios_rev0_01.pdf) [Aptio UEFI Firmware tool](http://www.tempusfugit.ca/techwatch.ca/aptio.html) 提供了相关连接 不过，没有找到AMI网站直接提供的工具，通常采用的是各个服务器厂商的维护工具来实现AMI BIOS修改。例如，国内的联想、浪潮服务器都使用AMI的BIOS，工具应该是通用的。 > 启动时按`F2`进入AMI BIOS设置 > > 浪潮Inspur服务器使用了AMI的BIOS，可以通过工具设置 ## Linux通用BIOS查看命令`biosdecode` `biosdecode`是Linux平台提供的BIOS设置处理的命令行工具，可以打印其所致的所有结构化信息。 可以使用`biosdecode`输出如下硬件信息 ``` => IPMI Device => Type of memory and speed => Chassis Information => Temperature Probe => Cooling Device => Electrical Current Probe => Processor and Memory Information => Serial numbers => BIOS version => PCI / PCIe Slots and Speed => Much more ``` 可以使用`biosdecode`输出如下BIOS配置 ``` => SMBIOS (System Management BIOS) => DMI (Desktop Management Interface, a legacy version of SMBIOS) => SYSID => PNP (Plug and Play) => ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) => BIOS32 (BIOS32 Service Directory) => PIR (PCI IRQ Routing) => 32OS (BIOS32 Extension, Compaq-specific) => VPD (Vital Product Data, IBM-specific) => FJKEYINF (Application Panel, Fujitsu-specific) ``` `dmidecode` 是读取`biosdecode`数据已可阅读格式输出，以下命令是输出BIOS keywords ``` dmidecode --type {KEYWORD / Number} ``` 需要处理以下字符对 * bios * system * baseboard * chassis * processor * memory * cache * connector * slot 所有的DMI类型可以使用 `dmidecode --type {number}` 显示 ``` #dmidecode --type dmidecode: option `--type' requires an argument Type number or keyword expected Valid type keywords are: bios system baseboard chassis processor memory cache connector slot ``` 可用类型包括 ``` # Type Short Description 0 BIOS 1 System 2 Base Board 3 Chassis 4 Processor 5 Memory Controller 6 Memory Module 7 Cache 8 Port Connector 9 System Slots 10 On Board Devices 11 OEM Strings 12 System Configuration Options 13 BIOS Language 14 Group Associations 15 System Event Log 16 Physical Memory Array 17 Memory Device 18 32-bit Memory Error 19 Memory Array Mapped Address 20 Memory Device Mapped Address 21 Built-in Pointing Device 22 Portable Battery 23 System Reset 24 Hardware Security 25 System Power Controls 26 Voltage Probe 27 Cooling Device 28 Temperature Probe 29 Electrical Current Probe 30 Out-of-band Remote Access 31 Boot Integrity Services 32 System Boot 33 64-bit Memory Error 34 Management Device 35 Management Device Component 36 Management Device Threshold Data 37 Memory Channel 38 IPMI Device 39 Power Supply ``` 例如，电源信息 ``` dmidecode --type 39 ``` ## 参考 * [How to change Dell’s BIOS settings from a Linux command-line](https://www.colino.net/wordpress/archives/2008/05/21/how-to-change-dells-bios-settings-from-a-linux-command-line/) * [HP Client Management Solutions](http://www8.hp.com/us/en/ads/clientmanagement/overview.html?404m=rt404Mb,newcclltow1en)